Equestrian vaulting is a unique and highly artistic discipline that blends gymnastics and dance on horseback. It requires grace, athleticism, and teamwork between both the vaulter and the horse. However, while vaulters are typically the focus, the horse plays an equally crucial role in the performance. Training a horse for equestrian vaulting is a meticulous process, one that requires patience, understanding, and a keen sense of the horse’s behavior. For a horse to become a successful vaulting partner, they must be trained not only for obedience and agility but also for calmness and consistency, essential qualities for supporting a vaulter’s dynamic movements. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how one can train a horse for equestrian vaulting.
Understanding the Basics of Equestrian Vaulting
Before diving into training, it’s essential to grasp what equestrian vaulting entails. Vaulting is performed on a horse that moves in a circle, typically at a canter, while the vaulter performs gymnastic exercises on its back. The horse moves in a large circle, about 15 meters in diameter, controlled by a handler known as the longeur, who keeps the horse at a consistent pace. For a horse to excel in this discipline, it needs to maintain a steady, rhythmic gait and a calm temperament, allowing the vaulter to perform safely and smoothly.
The horse’s role in vaulting is often compared to that of a dance partner; just as a dance partner supports and complements their counterpart’s movements, a vaulting horse must provide a stable platform for the vaulter to execute their routines.
Selecting the Right Horse for Vaulting
Not every horse is suited for vaulting. Temperament, conformation, and movement all play significant roles in determining a horse’s potential for this sport. The ideal vaulting horse is calm, reliable, and possesses a steady gait.
Temperament: Vaulting horses need to be calm, patient, and forgiving. A horse with a nervous or unpredictable nature may not be suited for the sport. It’s essential for the horse to remain composed under pressure, even when a vaulter is moving or balancing on their back.
Conformation: The horse should have strong, straight legs and a broad, flat back to provide a stable platform for the vaulter. A horse with a short, steep back may be less comfortable for a vaulter to perform movements on.
Movement: The horse’s gait should be rhythmic and smooth, especially at the canter. A bumpy or inconsistent gait can make it difficult for the vaulter to maintain balance and perform movements safely. Ideally, the horse’s canter should have a natural cadence that makes it easy for the vaulter to synchronize their movements.
Building a Foundation: Groundwork and Conditioning
Training a horse for equestrian vaulting begins with solid groundwork. The foundation phase focuses on developing trust, obedience, and basic skills that the horse will rely on throughout their vaulting career.
Longeing: Longeing is a critical skill for any vaulting horse. The horse must learn to move calmly in a consistent circle, maintaining an even pace at different gaits (walk, trot, and canter). This practice helps develop the horse’s rhythm and balance, both essential for vaulting. The horse should also learn to respond to voice commands and cues from the longeur, who controls the horse’s pace and direction.
Desensitization: Since vaulting involves people performing acrobatics on the horse’s back, it’s crucial to desensitize the horse to sudden movements and physical contact. Introduce the horse to unusual sensations, such as touching its back, sides, and legs with various objects like ropes, blankets, or even small gymnastic balls. Gradually, the horse will become accustomed to the unpredictable movements and sensations that come with vaulting.
Strength and Conditioning: Vaulting horses must be strong, fit, and flexible. Regular exercise routines that include longeing, flatwork, and stretching will build muscle and stamina. Incorporate exercises that promote core strength and balance, such as hill work and transitions between gaits. This not only improves the horse’s athletic ability but also helps it maintain the steady, controlled movements required for vaulting.
Calmness Training: The vaulting environment can be busy and noisy, with crowds, music, and multiple vaulters around the horse. Training sessions should expose the horse to distractions and teach them to remain calm and focused. Practicing in environments with varying levels of noise and movement helps the horse develop the calm demeanor needed for vaulting competitions.
Introducing the Vaulting Barrel and Surcingle
Once the horse is comfortable with groundwork and desensitization exercises, it’s time to introduce the vaulting equipment. The surcingle, a padded strap with handles, is placed on the horse’s back and is the primary tool vaulters use to hold and balance during their routines. It’s crucial for the horse to become accustomed to the feel and weight of the surcingle before vaulters begin working with them.
Start by placing the surcingle on the horse during longeing sessions without a vaulter present. Gradually, add light weight to the surcingle—such as bags or small objects—to simulate the feel of a vaulter. This step helps the horse adjust to having weight on its back while maintaining a steady gait.
The vaulting barrel, a stationary wooden structure used for vaulting practice, can also be helpful during this stage. Although it’s not directly used with the horse, training vaulters on the barrel allows them to perfect their moves before attempting them on the horse. This ensures that the vaulter is confident and balanced when they transition to vaulting on a live animal.
Transitioning to Vaulting Movements on the Horse
When the horse is comfortable with the surcingle and has developed steady, reliable movement, you can begin introducing vaulting movements. Start slowly with simple maneuvers and light vaulters, focusing on the horse’s reactions.
Begin with Basic Mounts: The first task is to introduce the horse to the vaulter’s mounting process. A vaulter will typically mount the horse while it’s moving at a walk, trot, or canter, using the handles of the surcingle for support. Start by practicing at the walk, ensuring the horse remains calm and steady while the vaulter mounts. Gradually, progress to the trot and canter, keeping the movements smooth and slow.
Introduce Basic Movements: Once the horse is comfortable with mounting, introduce basic vaulting moves such as kneeling, standing, or simple balances on the horse’s back. Vaulters should work at a walk or trot initially, allowing the horse to adjust to their presence. Throughout this stage, it’s vital to keep the horse’s comfort in mind, ensuring they remain calm and willing.
Gradually Increase Difficulty: As both the horse and vaulter gain confidence, more complex movements, such as handstands, jumps, and dismounts, can be introduced. Always monitor the horse’s reactions—if they seem anxious or unsettled, go back to simpler exercises until they’re ready to progress.
Strengthening the Partnership Between Vaulter, Horse, and Longeur
The final and most critical phase of training a vaulting horse involves building a strong partnership between the horse, vaulter, and longeur. In vaulting, these three elements must work in harmony, each relying on the other for timing, balance, and rhythm.
The longeur plays an integral role in this partnership, as they control the horse’s speed and direction. They must be attuned to both the horse and vaulter, adjusting the pace as needed to match the vaulter’s movements. Regular training sessions where all three work together help develop this synchronization.
Maintaining a Vaulting Horse’s Training and Health
Training a horse for vaulting is not a one-time process; it requires continuous refinement and attention to the horse’s well-being. Regular veterinary check-ups, proper shoeing, and adequate rest are essential to ensure the horse remains healthy and sound.
In addition to physical health, mental well-being is equally important. Vaulting can be demanding, so it’s crucial to provide variety in the horse’s routine, incorporating trail rides or light work to keep the horse mentally engaged and happy.
By focusing on building trust, consistency, and fitness, one can train a horse to excel in the art of equestrian vaulting. With patience and dedication, the horse becomes not just a performer, but an integral partner in this graceful and awe-inspiring sport.
